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		<title>Admin at 13:54, 23 April 2019</title>
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		<updated>2019-04-23T13:54:41Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:54, 23 April 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot; &gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;510&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;1756°Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;0&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;2348°Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;510&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;1756°Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;0&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;2348°Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;510&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;1756°Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;0&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;2348°Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;510&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;1756°Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;0&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;2348°Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1310&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin at 13:50, 23 April 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1310&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-04-23T13:50:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:50, 23 April 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot; &gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1252&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin at 13:45, 3 April 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1252&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-04-03T13:45:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:45, 3 April 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot; &gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ6Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ6Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ6Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ6Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ7Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pӶ8Ӻ&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1186&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin: Admin moved page Annotation:Adaptation and Viability*/F9biv20md4 to Annotation:Adaptation and Viability/F9biv20md4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1186&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-04-03T12:38:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Admin moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/mediawiki/index.php/Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability*/F9biv20md4&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Annotation:Adaptation and Viability*/F9biv20md4&quot;&gt;Annotation:Adaptation and Viability*/F9biv20md4&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/mediawiki/index.php/Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&quot; title=&quot;Annotation:Adaptation and Viability/F9biv20md4&quot;&gt;Annotation:Adaptation and Viability/F9biv20md4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:38, 3 April 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1185&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin at 12:38, 3 April 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=1185&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-04-03T12:38:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:38, 3 April 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Prämisse}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Prämisse}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TextAnnotation&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dbis-digivis.uibk.ac.at/mediawiki/index.php?title=Annotation:Adaptation_and_Viability/F9biv20md4&amp;diff=380&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Sarah Oberbichler: Created page with &quot;{{Prämisse}} {{TextAnnotation |AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability* |LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z |LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler |AnnotationM...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2019-02-19T19:50:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{Prämisse}} {{TextAnnotation |AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability* |LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z |LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler |AnnotationM...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Prämisse}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{TextAnnotation&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability*&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability*&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationOf=Adaptation_and_Viability*&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;br /&gt;
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|LastModificationDate=2019-02-19T20:50:10.575Z&lt;br /&gt;
|LastModificationUser=User:Sarah Oberbichler&lt;br /&gt;
|AnnotationMetadata=^&amp;quot;permissions&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;read&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;update&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;delete&amp;quot;:ӶӺ,&amp;quot;admin&amp;quot;:ӶӺ°,&amp;quot;user&amp;quot;:^&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Sarah Oberbichler&amp;quot;°,&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;F9biv20md4&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;ranges&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;start&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;startOffset&amp;quot;:510,&amp;quot;end&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;endOffset&amp;quot;:1756°Ӻ,&amp;quot;quote&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;An “efficient” cause is an item to which we attribute the power to create a change, and the resulting change is then considered its effect. The agent in natural selection is the environment, or Nature, if you will—conspecifics and everything except the organism itself—and the change it creates is on the negative side alone: It eliminates. Insofar as it selects, Nature neither fosters nor encourages, it merely kills off. What does it kill? It kills those organisms that do not manage to overcome the difficulties, the obstacles, the pitfalls that it presents to them. Hence it is thoroughly misleading to speak of selection for—selection is always against. In other words, Nature places constraints in the path of survival and reproduction. That, however, still does not fully explain selection. If all organisms were exactly the same, there could be no selection and no differential reproduction. Facing an obstacle, they would either all perish or all survive. But there is variability, and organisms are never all the same. This is due partly to mutations and partly to the imperfection of their procedures for reproduction and replication.3 The variations that constitute the stock within which selection can operate are wholly accidental. There must be no suggestion of evolutionary design or of environmental pressure toward survival mechanisms, for the moment we allow any such idea of directed change, the theory of evolution collapses into a teleological myth. On the other hand, if all variation is accidental, and if selection operates on what is there, by setting up constraints that eliminate some variants while others pass, it should be clear that the word “adaptation” cannot refer to any activity on the part of the surviving organisms.&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;highlights&amp;quot;:Ӷ^&amp;quot;jQuery321073766502845175832&amp;quot;:^°°Ӻ,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;order&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mw-content-text&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;category&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Prämisse&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;data_creacio&amp;quot;:1550605810188°&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Sarah Oberbichler</name></author>
		
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