Annotation:The Development of Language as Purposive Behavior*/Rahusl7inp

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Annotation of The_Development_of_Language_as_Purposive_Behavior*
Annotation Comment
Last Modification Date 2019-02-26T16:20:47.850Z
Last Modification User User:Sarah Oberbichler
Annotation Metadata
^"permissions":^"read":ӶӺ,"update":ӶӺ,"delete":ӶӺ,"admin":ӶӺ°,"user":^"id":6,"name":"Sarah Oberbichler"°,"id":"Rahusl7inp","ranges":Ӷ^"start":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ","startOffset":0,"end":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ8Ӻ","endOffset":1071°Ӻ,"quote":"In 1943, Rosenblueth, Wiener, and Bigelow published their pioneering paper that provided not only a hard definition of “purpose” but also an extremely successful model for the actual construction of “goal-seeking” devices Ӷ11Ӻ. Three years later, in a conference sponsored by the same Academy that has called our meeting, Wiener explained the function of “negative feedback” with an example of a grasping motion: “I regulate my motion by the amount by which my task is not yet accomplished. This makes it possible to accomplish the same task regardless of my initial position and the object to be picked up” Ӷ12Ӻ. A remembered “image” or “representation” of the picked up object is the goal in this example. A comparison between it and the sensory signals that indicate the actual situation gives rise to negative feedback, i.e., an error-signal, by means of which the motion of the hand can be adjusted. The gist of Wiener’s contribution is this formulation of the feedback loop which demonstrated that purposive behavior could come about without infringing the principle that says no organism “can call on the future to influence the past” Ӷ13Ӻ.\nIt was precisely the lack of a functional model, such as a feedback system, that compelled Hofstadter, a few years earlier, to ascribe only descriptive but not explanatory power to his brilliant analysis of “objective teleology” Ӷ14Ӻ. The subsequent development of control theory and the application of the feedback model in the study of cognitive behavior gave Hofstadter’s logical exposition an almost prophetic quality. He sums up his description of objectively observable teleology: Thus the unitary attribute of the teleological actor is not the possession of end alone, or sensitivity alone, or technique alone, but of all three in inseparable combination. (Hofstadter’s emphasis.) He goes on to say that, “although they cannot be separated in the unitary attribute, they may nevertheless be analyzed independently by the use of a plurality of acts of the same agent” Ӷ15Ӻ. If we substitute the modern cyberneticist’s terms for the three components, we have reference value (for “end”), sensory function (for “sensitivity”), and effector function (for “technique”).","highlights":Ӷ^"jQuery321079218495795044192":^°°,^"jQuery321079218495795044192":^°°Ӻ,"text":"","order":"mw-content-text","category":"Wissenschaftliche Referenz","data_creacio":1551194440755°