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^"permissions":^"read":ӶӺ,"update":ӶӺ,"delete":ӶӺ,"admin":ӶӺ°,"user":^"id":6,"name":"Sarah Oberbichler"°,"id":"Ldem8o7esm","ranges":Ӷ^"start":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ","startOffset":9820,"end":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ6Ӻ","endOffset":11303°Ӻ,"quote":"On the simplest technical level, Shannon’s Theory of CommunicationӶ4Ӻ makes it clear that meaning does not travel from one communicator to the another. What travels is a signal. A signal, of whatever physical form it might be, has for the originator or source the specific meaning he or she has encoded in it. A receiver can decode a signal, provided two conditions are satisfied: he must (1) recognize it as a signal, and (2) have a specific meaning associated with it. On the technical level, moreover, it is usually taken for granted that the sender’s and the receiver’s codes are the same. \nIn the realm of telegraphy, Morse code, and other technical signaling systems, the “identity” of the sender’s and the receiver’s codes can be assured by simple means outside the communication system (e.g., distributing a priori a list of permitted signals plus their fixed meanings). In non-technical, i.e., not deliberately designed communication systems, the assumption of any such identity of codes and meanings becomes precarious.Ӷ5Ӻ\nWhen the communication system is a natural language, we tend to ignore that precariousness. Natural language is learned in interactive situations, that is, in situations where speaker and hearer are reciprocally part of each other’s experiential field and where, therefore, there is some feedback regarding the hearer’s interpretation of the speaker’s utterances, as well as feedback regarding the speaker’s expectations about the hearer’s responses.","highlights":Ӷ^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°,^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°,^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°,^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°,^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°,^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°,^"jQuery3210210076023618886662":^°°Ӻ,"text":"","order":"mw-content-text","category":"Argumentation2","data_creacio":1569873552516°
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