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^"permissions":^"read":ӶӺ,"update":ӶӺ,"delete":ӶӺ,"admin":ӶӺ°,"user":^"id":6,"name":"Sarah Oberbichler"°,"id":"Eqqvrycrfg","ranges":Ӷ^"start":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ27Ӻ","startOffset":0,"end":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ28Ӻ","endOffset":90°Ӻ,"quote":"One of the most striking slogans of Skinner’s campaign was: “Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences” (1972, p.16). Consequence refers to something that happens after the event of which it is thought to be a consequence. The slogan therefore sounds teleological. This, of course, is not intended. Rather, one has to interpret it as: Behavior is shaped and maintained by the consequences it had when it occurred in the past. Understood in this way, it is hardly more original than the old proverb, “Once burned, twice shy”, which one can see confirmed daily by children, dogs, and other living organisms. A more explicit rephrasing of the idea may bring it closer to our topic: \n\nThe living system, due to its circular organization ,is an inductive system and functions always in a predictive manner: what occurred once will occur again. Its organization (both genetic and otherwise) is conservative and repeats only that which works. (Maturana, 1970, p.15-16) \n\nAn organism’s actions, thus, are selected and shaped according to what worked in the past.","highlights":Ӷ^"jQuery32108604521753538622":^°°,^"jQuery32108604521753538622":^°°,^"jQuery32108604521753538622":^°°Ӻ,"text":"","order":"mw-content-text","category":"Argumentation2","data_creacio":1579283485274°
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