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^"permissions":^"read":ӶӺ,"update":ӶӺ,"delete":ӶӺ,"admin":ӶӺ°,"user":^"id":6,"name":"Sarah Oberbichler"°,"id":"Iw2tz6cjja","ranges":Ӷ^"start":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ5Ӻ","startOffset":860,"end":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ5Ӻ","endOffset":1944°Ӻ,"quote":"Goal-directed behavior could be shown empirically, even within the rather limited range of experiments customary among behaviorists. But the professional behaviorists’ apparatus, such as the Skinner box, frequently relied on an automatic mechanisms to record the experimental animal’s ‘responses’. This fostered a kind of tunnel vision, and as a result, the experimenter paid no attention to what the animal actually did. The apparatus keeps record of lever presses, but ignores how the animal moves to the lever in order to press it and that, at different times, it may be using a different paw. In a similar vein, Gerd Sommerhoff observed, once a rat has mastered a maze and found the place where the food is hidden, you can flood the maze, drop the rat at the entry, and it will swim to the food box. Thus there are things, beyond the ‘chaining’ of elementary muscular responses, to guide the rat’s behavior. He concluded: “To list the ‘responses’ of animals in different experimental situations, therefore, is to list the goals rather than the movements” (Sommerhoff, 1974; p.7).","highlights":Ӷ^"jQuery321096051066034122692":^°°Ӻ,"text":"","order":"mw-content-text","category":"WissenschaftlicheReferenz2","data_creacio":1576064423923°
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