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^"permissions":^"read":ӶӺ,"update":ӶӺ,"delete":ӶӺ,"admin":ӶӺ°,"user":^"id":6,"name":"Sarah Oberbichler"°,"id":"K8nfvxrsjd","ranges":Ӷ^"start":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ","startOffset":1,"end":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ7Ӻ","endOffset":1144°Ӻ,"quote":"n 1943, Rosenblueth, Wiener, and Bigelow published their pioneering paper that provided not only a hard definition of “purpose” but also an extremely successful model for the actual construction of “goal-seeking” devices.Ӷ12Ӻ Three years later, in a conference sponsored by the same Academy that has called our meeting, Wiener explained the function of “negative feedback” with an example of a grasping motion: “I regulate my motion by the amount by which my task is not yet accomplished. This makes it possible to accomplish the same task regardless of my initial position and the object to be picked up”Ӷ13Ӻ. A remembered “image” or “representation” of the picked up object is the goal in this example. A comparison between it and the sensory signals that indicate the actual situation gives rise to negative feedback, i.e., an error-signal, by means of which the motion of the hand can be adjusted. The gist of Wiener’s contribution is this formulation of the feedback loop which demonstrated that purposive behavior could come about without infringing the principle that says no organism “can call on the future to influence the past”Ӷ14Ӻ.","highlights":Ӷ^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°,^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°,^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°,^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°,^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°,^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°,^"jQuery3210198368474700013622":^°°Ӻ,"text":"","order":"mw-content-text","category":"WissenschaftlicheReferenz2","data_creacio":1562262474816°
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