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^"permissions":^"read":ӶӺ,"update":ӶӺ,"delete":ӶӺ,"admin":ӶӺ°,"user":^"id":6,"name":"Sarah Oberbichler"°,"id":"Ixyu3ll31s","ranges":Ӷ^"start":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ41Ӻ","startOffset":0,"end":"/divӶ3Ӻ/divӶ4Ӻ/divӶ1Ӻ/pӶ44Ӻ","endOffset":915°Ӻ,"quote":"How does a child come to use the plural form of words correctly?\nImagine a two-year-old girl who a little while ago learned to say the word “apple”\nwhen it encounters a round, more or less red object that it can bite into and that sometimes tastes quite good. She now comes into the kitchen, and there are several apples lying on the table. With a certain amount of pride she points at one, and says “apple”. Then she points at the second one, and says “apple”. Maybe she repeats this with all of them.\n“Yes, my dear,” says the mother, “they are apples.”\nPerhaps the little girl notices the difference in the word the first time. In any case, she will hear the plural form of the word in other settings – and lo and behold, it does not take long before she uses singular and plural just as the linguistic convention demands it.\nHow does the child learn it? All the apples she sees correspond to a kind of ‘recognition matrix’. This matrix is what Piaget called an empirical abstraction – and it is the one with which she has associated the word ‘apple’. But none of those individual apples can tell her that it belongs to a plurality which the adults call ‘apples’. The difference literally has to be conceived. It is not a matter of visual perception; it can be made only by a reflection on one’s own operating.\nApparently, this was deemed so obvious that, as far as I know, no writer on developmental psychology has mentioned it. Yet, this does not mean that it was properly understood.\nThe concept of plurality requires at least the following operations. Having recognized an object as, for instance, an ‘apple’, attention has to be focused immediately on at least one other object that fits the same recognition matrix. The salient point is that one and the same recognition matrix can be applied successfully more than once within the context. This repetition does not reside in the objects. Each of the apples in the example lies on the table and gives no indication that there are others. The repetition can spring only from something the perceiver does. This is to say, in order to apply the plural correctly, the little girl must in some way become aware of her own operations of recognition.\nCeccato coined the expression ‘consapevolezza operativa’. It stands for ‘operational awareness’ and is, I think, in many ways similar to what Piaget, somewhat less transparently, called “thematization”.","highlights":Ӷ^"jQuery321024770746037967352":^°°,^"jQuery321024770746037967352":^°°,^"jQuery321024770746037967352":^°°,^"jQuery321024770746037967352":^°°Ӻ,"text":"","order":"mw-content-text","category":"Argumentation2","data_creacio":1594904333020°
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