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- Annotation:Thoughts about Space, Time, and the Concept of Identity/Zz3dwfr4ip + (Was jemand selbst macht, kann nie die beständige Zuverlässigkeit haben, die man der "realen Welt" zuschreiben möchte)
- Annotation:Annotationen:The Constructivist View of Communication/Lqt3uy4hk3 + (We all develop a repertoire of conceptual items and connections, and learn to fit them to the syntactic structures that have become customary among the users of a given language.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Piaget’s Legacy: Cognition as Adaptive Activity/Xzttr85swp + (We can visualize it with the help of a metaphor: the environment “selects” in the manner of a screen used to grade gravel: the screen admits what falls through and discards what does not.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Homage to Jean Piaget (1896–1980)/E1csgrzbn1 + (We know that we can reflect, but we do not know how.)
- Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Gsj2x871db + (Weil Entwicklungen und Aktivitäten nicht Bezug auf Ursachen aber in Bezug auf Einschränkungen erklärt werden kann, ist die Welt in der wir leben, die Welt, die wir im Rahmen unserer Einschränkungen konstruieren konnten.)
- Annotation:Thoughts about Space, Time, and the Concept of Identity/Vk67jxynp7 + (Weil der Erfahrende selbst entscheiden kann, was gleich, ähnlich oder unterschiedlich ist, sind die Beziehungen zwischen Gegenständen immer konstruiert.)
- Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Bnpyx2ifym + (Weil die Bedeutung eines neuen Wortes nicht einfach erklärt werden kann, muss jeder Sprechende die Bedeutungen von Wörtern selbst aufbauen, womit sie immer subjektiv sind.)
- Annotation:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/Dwq1ozjsin + (Weil die Erlebniswelt genauso wie die Umwelt dem Organismen Grenzen setzt, werden im Lichte der Erfahrung Regelmäßigkeiten, Faustregeln und Theorien entweder als zuverlässig oder nicht zuverlässig eingestuft.)
- Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Zs0t2lesdo + (Weil ein Organismus sich anpasst, um die durch seine Umgebung gesetzten Einschränkungen zu überwinden, passt sich auch Wissen an, um das Gleichgewicht des Organismus zu erhalten. Wissen kann somit kein Abbild einer absoluten Realität sein.)
- Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Wffaf3ggpv + (Weil jede Sprache und jedes Wort in dieser Sprache eine unterschiedliche Realität darstellt, unterscheiden sich sprachliche Konzepte von Person zu Person.)
- Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Bo99gzkh67 + (Weil jeder Mensch auf unterschiedliche Erfahrungen zurückgreift und Dinge je nach Erfahrungsstand unterschiedlich wahrgenommen werden, können Bedeutungen von Wörtern nie auf die selbe Art und Weise erfasst werden.)
- Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/F4ip0vpz5z + (Weil wir durch Anpassung und den Kontext Diskrepanzen im Verstehen vermeiden können, bedeutet Kompatibilität nicht Identität, sondern Durchführbarkeit unter den gegebenen Umständen.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Die Radikal-Konstruktivistische Wissenstheorie/Ikwep5m4go + (Wenn der ‘intelligente’ Organismus nicht a … Wenn der ‘intelligente’ Organismus nicht auf Stimuli der Umwelt, sondern lediglich auf Unterschiede zwischen Wahrnehmungen und vorbestimmten Sollwerten reagiert, um sein internes Gleichgewicht zu erhalten, dann gewinnt der Organismus kein objektives Wissen von der Außenwelt. Er kann bestenfalls lernen, sein Gleichgewicht angesichts der Perturbationen, die er wahrnimmt, einigermaßen aufrecht zu erhalten.rnimmt, einigermaßen aufrecht zu erhalten.)
- Annotation:The Development of Language as Purposive Behavior*/Llays52mfn + (Wenn ein Individuum durch seine Handlung nicht nur seine eigene Störung sondern auch die Störung anderer Individuen reduziert, führt dies zwangsläufig zur Bildung von Gruppen)
- Annotation:Aspects of Constructivism/Cvdz9a8uhd + (Wenn wir das Lernen Studierender anregen wollen, dürfen wir nicht vergessen, dass Wissen außerhalb des Verstandes nicht existiert.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Thoughts about Space, Time, and the Concept of Identity/Hnm7nbi88j + (What one makes oneself can hardly be expected to have that perennial reliability one would like to attribute to the real world.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:How Do We Mean A Constructivist Sketch of Semantics/Z6pnfx3p0k + (What speakers of a language have construct … What speakers of a language have constructed as the meanings of the words they use, is at best compatible in the linguistic interactions with other speakers; but such compatibility remains forever relative to the limited number of actual interactions the individual has had in his or her past. What speakers have learned to mean always remains their own construction.ean always remains their own construction.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:The Reluctance to Change a Way of Thinking/Ef3tssha25 + (What we call “knowledge”, then, is the map of paths of action and thought which, at that moment in the course of our experience, have turned out to be viable for us.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:How Do We Mean A Constructivist Sketch of Semantics/Olvapcssex + (Whatever one assumes to be genetically determined in children, it is they themselves who must actively isolate units in their experiential field and abstract them into concepts.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Cybernetics, Experience, and the Concept of Self/B4xmtlx8ai + (When I visually distinguish a hand from th … When I visually distinguish a hand from the writing pad and the table on which it lies, I carry out exactly the same kinds of operations as when I distinguish the coffee cup from the table on which it stands, or the picture from the wall on which it hangs, or the cardinal outside my window from the branch on which it happens to be perched and from the rest of the landscape.erched and from the rest of the landscape.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Cybernetics, Experience, and the Concept of Self/Mr0ewqq6yn + (When an infant, for instance, assimilates … When an infant, for instance, assimilates some visual elements to the invariant pattern that, for him, constitutes a rattle, and grasps and shakes a piece of wood that happens to be within reach, then the absence of the auditory element expected to ensue may cause a discrepancy that cannot be eliminated by assimilation. In that case, attention is likely to be focused on any of the formerly disregarded visual or tactual elements by means of which the piece of wood could be discriminated from the rattle. Once the discrimination has occurred, the new elements, with or without some of the old ones, can be associated in an act of accommodation to form a novel scheme. This novel scheme, from then on, will serve as a relatively independent invariant for the assimilation of future experiences.or the assimilation of future experiences.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:The Reluctance to Change a Way of Thinking/Pp2o1bfp77 + (When the nail that holds up the wire to my … When the nail that holds up the wire to my computer falls out of the wall in my study and I use my shoe to hammer it in again, I am deliberately assimilating the shoe to the function of a hammer. It may work, or it may not, but even if it does work I am not led to believe that the shoe is a hammer. In contrast, a child that has just begun to associate two or three visual characteristics, such as four legs, a tail, and fur, with utterances of the word “dog”, may well utter that word when a new visual experience allows her to see these three characteristics. A psychologist who witnesses this, may smile and say: “Ah, you see, she assimilates the lamb to her concept of dog!” He will be quite right, of course, in making this assessment; but he will be wrong if he believes that the child’s utterance requires some special activity that is called “assimilation”. From the child’s point of view, given her criteria for using the word “dog”, the lamb is a dog, and she has no reason to modify her categorization until some unexpected event creates a perturbation. Only when the new item behaves in a way that seems undog-like to her, or when someone says “No, dear, this is a lamb”, will the child have occasion to accommodate, i.e., to look for a distinguishing characteristic and, if one can be found, to create a new conceptual category called “lamb”.e a new conceptual category called “lamb”.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Why Constructivism Must be Radical/Gvgr1cfdyn + (When you are engaged, as you are now, in r … When you are engaged, as you are now, in reading what I have written, it can be said that communication is taking place. To be more precise, you are in the position of a receiver. Let’s take a moment to observe what goes on. To begin with, you have to be able to perceive a series of black marks printed on the page and to identify these marks, first as letters and then as combinations of letters forming words of a language with which you are familiar. You are familiar with a language whenever the meanings of most of its words hold some asso ciation for you. At that point, the perception of words calls up meanings in your head and you attempt to link these meanings together in order to develop larger conceptual structures that are related to the sentences of the text. If you succeed and manage to produce structures that appear reasonable to you, you feel that you have understood what the author intended to say.nderstood what the author intended to say.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Teleology and the Concepts of Causation/Ptohla9ckc + (Where evolution is concerned, then, there is no harm in using ‘purpose of’ as a descriptive tool, provided one does not mistake it for the purpose for, which would imply a guiding outside force that intentionally designed the thing one is describing.)
- Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/P9zy7ix2kf + (Wir können Dinge unterscheiden, weil wir "Informationen" der sogenannten "Außenwelt" erhalten.)
- Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Vv1v78go0n + (Wir können nur wissen, was wir selbst gemacht haben)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Die Radikal-Konstruktivistische Wissenstheorie/Gir8vy52bm + (Wir können unser Weltbild nur mit anderen … Wir können unser Weltbild nur mit anderen Vorstellungen vergleichen, die wie die erste auf unserem Erleben beruhen und somit durch unsere Art und Weise des Wahrnehmens und Begreifens gebildet wurden. Alles Wissen unterliegt dieser Bedingung, denn was immer wir auch tun, wir können aus unseren Formen des Erlebens und Denkens nicht aussteigen.des Erlebens und Denkens nicht aussteigen.)
- Annotation:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/P9zxwcufnk + (Wir können unsere Wahrnehmung nur durch den Vergleich mit anderen Wahrnehmungen prüfen, aber nie mit dem Objekt wie es sein könnte, bevor wir es wahrnehmen)
- Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Wlj0k4uh7k + (Wissen bietet keine Darstellung einer unabhängigen Welt, sondern eine Karte dessen, was in der erlebten Umgebung getan werden kann.)
- Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Lmye72noaq + (Wissen ist konstruiert)
- Annotation:Aspects of Constructivism/Qb5o39daj8 + (Wissen ist weniger eine genaue Darstellung externer Dinge, Situationen und Ereignisse, sondern mehr eine Abbildung von Handlungen und konzeptionellen Operationen, die sich in der Erfahrung des wissenden Subjekts bewährt haben.)
- Annotation:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/Bgxhqrc31a + (Wissen kann nicht das Ergebnis eines passiven Empfanges sein, sondern ist das Produkt einer aktiven Subjektivität.)
- Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Kejl5y3gzn + (Wissenschaftliche Referenz)
- Annotation:Annotationen:The Control of Perception and the Construction of Reality: Epistemological Aspects of the Feedback-Control System/Mgmrugxl8t + (With a rat in a Skinner box, for instance, … With a rat in a Skinner box, for instance, it will no longer be sufficient to ask why the rat’s bar-presses become more or less frequent; we also have to ask how the rat succeeds in pressing the bar when it may have to start toward it from different places in the box. In other words, how is it that the rat – or ourselves, for that matter – ever manage to hit a target or attain a goal?r manage to hit a target or attain a goal?)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Abstraction, Re-Presentation, and Reflection: An Interpretation of Experience and of Piaget’s Approach/Tb4vyjiobf + (With regard to the need for an acting agen … With regard to the need for an acting agent, a program is similar to a map. If someone draws a simple map to show you how to get to his house, he essentially indicates a potential path from a place you are presumed to know to the unknown location. The drawing of the path is a graphic representation of the turns that have to be made to accomplish that itinerary, but it does not and could not show what it is to move and what it is to turn right or left. Any user of the map, must supply the motion and the changes of direction with the focus of visual attention while reading the map. Only if one manages to abstract this sequence of motions from the reading activity, can one transform it into physical movement through the mapped region.ysical movement through the mapped region.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:The Reluctance to Change a Way of Thinking/Er0iabn9hc + (Without going into the details of the proc … Without going into the details of the process that links the experience of a thing with the experience of a word, it should be clear that both these items are composed of elements that are part of the acting subject’s experiential world and are, therefore, determined by what the subject attends to and how the subject perceives and conceives it.ow the subject perceives and conceives it.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Anticipation in the Constructivist Theory of Cognition/H846yq7lyj + (Without the conception of change there would be no use for the notion of causation.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Conceptual Models in Educational Research and Practice/Vzvbroqbxa + (Working with children is in many ways like working with foreigners with whom one has only fragments of a language in common.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Why Constructivism Must be Radical/Itbb43cpjy + (Yet, analysis of the process which led a student to answer in a particular way is one of the best means available towards an understanding of his or her concepts and mental operations.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Piaget’s Legacy: Cognition as Adaptive Activity/Ubwx4s36q1 + (You may, for example, dream that you are i … You may, for example, dream that you are in a room, but all you see of the room is a door (perhaps because you expect someone to come in through it). You have no idea of the size of the room, and there are no windows, curtains, pictures, no ceiling or furniture, or anything else that usually characterizes a room. These items may come in later—as the plot of the dream develops— but at this point, they are irrelevant in your dream-presentation of a room. In contrast, your perception of a room starts from sensory impressions that you proceed to coordinate, and they then allow you to consider them compatible with your concept of “room”.em compatible with your concept of “room”.)
- Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Nclwd46km4 + (Zeit ist keine Illusion)
- Annotation:Annotationen:On the Concept of Interpretation/Ji0byrkvz3 + (a linguistic message, under any circumstances, can be interpreted only in terms of the receiver’s experience.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:On the Concept of Interpretation/P7byiq9npw + (and again, any such adaptation and abstraction must be based on the individual construction of patterns of concepts and actions which turn out to be compatible with actions and reactions of other users of the language.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Die Radikal-Konstruktivistische Wissenstheorie/Y177jn5fk6 + (auf Grund einer einzigen Beobachtung kann man keine Änderung konzipieren.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/Jscl4gi3cs + (because the success of a key does not depend on finding a lock into which it might fit, but solely on whether or not it opens the way to the particular goal we want to reach.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Poboue4lcr + (concepts associated with words are not the same from person to person in one and the same language.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Dbxypqgmvg + (each user of a language must build up meanings for him- or herself.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/Siqwoam8h1 + (either a species fits its environment (including the other species), or it does not; i.e., it either survives, or it dies out.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Conceptual Models in Educational Research and Practice/N5ujgpvawi + (if one wants to generate understanding, th … if one wants to generate understanding, the reasons why a student operates in a certain way are far more indicative of the student’s stage of conceptual development than whether or not these operations lead to a result that the teacher finds acceptable. Only when teachers have some notion of the conceptual structures with which students operate, can they try to intervene in ways that might lead students to change something in these conceptual structures. something in these conceptual structures.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Piaget’s Legacy: Cognition as Adaptive Activity/Osb51lk0i4 + (so, to have survived does not tell the biological organisms anything about the constraints they have not met, i.e., the constraints that eliminated those that could not survive.)
- Annotation:Annotationen:Learning and Adaptation in the Theory of Constructivism/Lm8p20ek75 + (the adaptedness of living organisms can be credited only to accidental variations.)