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A list of all pages that have property "AnnotationComment" with value "Wissenschaftliche Referenz". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

Showing below up to 26 results starting with #1.

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  • Annotation:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/Dwq1ozjsin  + (Weil die Erlebniswelt genauso wie die Umwelt dem Organismen Grenzen setzt, werden im Lichte der Erfahrung Regelmäßigkeiten, Faustregeln und Theorien entweder als zuverlässig oder nicht zuverlässig eingestuft.)
  • Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Zs0t2lesdo  + (Weil ein Organismus sich anpasst, um die durch seine Umgebung gesetzten Einschränkungen zu überwinden, passt sich auch Wissen an, um das Gleichgewicht des Organismus zu erhalten. Wissen kann somit kein Abbild einer absoluten Realität sein.)
  • Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Wffaf3ggpv  + (Weil jede Sprache und jedes Wort in dieser Sprache eine unterschiedliche Realität darstellt, unterscheiden sich sprachliche Konzepte von Person zu Person.)
  • Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/Bo99gzkh67  + (Weil jeder Mensch auf unterschiedliche Erfahrungen zurückgreift und Dinge je nach Erfahrungsstand unterschiedlich wahrgenommen werden, können Bedeutungen von Wörtern nie auf die selbe Art und Weise erfasst werden.)
  • Annotation:Why I Consider Myself a Cybernetician/F4ip0vpz5z  + (Weil wir durch Anpassung und den Kontext Diskrepanzen im Verstehen vermeiden können, bedeutet Kompatibilität nicht Identität, sondern Durchführbarkeit unter den gegebenen Umständen.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Die Radikal-Konstruktivistische Wissenstheorie/Ikwep5m4go  + (Wenn der ‘intelligente’ Organismus nicht a … Wenn der ‘intelligente’ Organismus nicht auf Stimuli der Umwelt, sondern lediglich auf Unterschiede zwischen Wahrnehmungen und vorbestimmten Sollwerten reagiert, um sein internes Gleichgewicht zu erhalten, dann gewinnt der Organismus kein objektives Wissen von der Außenwelt. Er kann bestenfalls lernen, sein Gleichgewicht angesichts der Perturbationen, die er wahrnimmt, einigermaßen aufrecht zu erhalten.rnimmt, einigermaßen aufrecht zu erhalten.)
  • Annotation:The Development of Language as Purposive Behavior*/Llays52mfn  + (Wenn ein Individuum durch seine Handlung nicht nur seine eigene Störung sondern auch die Störung anderer Individuen reduziert, führt dies zwangsläufig zur Bildung von Gruppen)
  • Annotation:Aspects of Constructivism/Cvdz9a8uhd  + (Wenn wir das Lernen Studierender anregen wollen, dürfen wir nicht vergessen, dass Wissen außerhalb des Verstandes nicht existiert.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Thoughts about Space, Time, and the Concept of Identity/Hnm7nbi88j  + (What one makes oneself can hardly be expected to have that perennial reliability one would like to attribute to the real world.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:How Do We Mean A Constructivist Sketch of Semantics/Z6pnfx3p0k  + (What speakers of a language have construct … What speakers of a language have constructed as the meanings of the words they use, is at best compatible in the linguistic interactions with other speakers; but such compatibility remains forever relative to the limited number of actual interactions the individual has had in his or her past. What speakers have learned to mean always remains their own construction.ean always remains their own construction.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:The Reluctance to Change a Way of Thinking/Ef3tssha25  + (What we call “knowledge”, then, is the map of paths of action and thought which, at that moment in the course of our experience, have turned out to be viable for us.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:How Do We Mean A Constructivist Sketch of Semantics/Olvapcssex  + (Whatever one assumes to be genetically determined in children, it is they themselves who must actively isolate units in their experiential field and abstract them into concepts.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Cybernetics, Experience, and the Concept of Self/B4xmtlx8ai  + (When I visually distinguish a hand from th … When I visually distinguish a hand from the writing pad and the table on which it lies, I carry out exactly the same kinds of operations as when I distinguish the coffee cup from the table on which it stands, or the picture from the wall on which it hangs, or the cardinal outside my window from the branch on which it happens to be perched and from the rest of the landscape.erched and from the rest of the landscape.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Cybernetics, Experience, and the Concept of Self/Mr0ewqq6yn  + (When an infant, for instance, assimilates … When an infant, for instance, assimilates some visual elements to the invariant pattern that, for him, constitutes a rattle, and grasps and shakes a piece of wood that happens to be within reach, then the absence of the auditory element expected to ensue may cause a discrepancy that cannot be eliminated by assimilation. In that case, attention is likely to be focused on any of the formerly disregarded visual or tactual elements by means of which the piece of wood could be discriminated from the rattle. Once the discrimination has occurred, the new elements, with or without some of the old ones, can be associated in an act of accommodation to form a novel scheme. This novel scheme, from then on, will serve as a relatively independent invariant for the assimilation of future experiences.or the assimilation of future experiences.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:The Reluctance to Change a Way of Thinking/Pp2o1bfp77  + (When the nail that holds up the wire to my … When the nail that holds up the wire to my computer falls out of the wall in my study and I use my shoe to hammer it in again, I am deliberately assimilating the shoe to the function of a hammer. It may work, or it may not, but even if it does work I am not led to believe that the shoe is a hammer. In contrast, a child that has just begun to associate two or three visual characteristics, such as four legs, a tail, and fur, with utterances of the word “dog”, may well utter that word when a new visual experience allows her to see these three characteristics. A psychologist who witnesses this, may smile and say: “Ah, you see, she assimilates the lamb to her concept of dog!” He will be quite right, of course, in making this assessment; but he will be wrong if he believes that the child’s utterance requires some special activity that is called “assimilation”. From the child’s point of view, given her criteria for using the word “dog”, the lamb is a dog, and she has no reason to modify her categorization until some unexpected event creates a perturbation. Only when the new item behaves in a way that seems undog-like to her, or when someone says “No, dear, this is a lamb”, will the child have occasion to accommodate, i.e., to look for a distinguishing characteristic and, if one can be found, to create a new conceptual category called “lamb”.e a new conceptual category called “lamb”.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Why Constructivism Must be Radical/Gvgr1cfdyn  + (When you are engaged, as you are now, in r … When you are engaged, as you are now, in reading what I have written, it can be said that communication is taking place. To be more precise, you are in the position of a receiver. Let’s take a moment to observe what goes on. To begin with, you have to be able to perceive a series of black marks printed on the page and to identify these marks, first as letters and then as combinations of letters forming words of a language with which you are familiar. You are familiar with a language whenever the meanings of most of its words hold some asso ciation for you. At that point, the perception of words calls up meanings in your head and you attempt to link these meanings together in order to develop larger conceptual structures that are related to the sentences of the text. If you succeed and manage to produce structures that appear reasonable to you, you feel that you have understood what the author intended to say.nderstood what the author intended to say.)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Teleology and the Concepts of Causation/Ptohla9ckc  + (Where evolution is concerned, then, there is no harm in using ‘purpose of’ as a descriptive tool, provided one does not mistake it for the purpose for, which would imply a guiding outside force that intentionally designed the thing one is describing.)
  • Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/P9zy7ix2kf  + (Wir können Dinge unterscheiden, weil wir "Informationen" der sogenannten "Außenwelt" erhalten.)
  • Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Vv1v78go0n  + (Wir können nur wissen, was wir selbst gemacht haben)
  • Annotation:Annotationen:Die Radikal-Konstruktivistische Wissenstheorie/Gir8vy52bm  + (Wir können unser Weltbild nur mit anderen … Wir können unser Weltbild nur mit anderen Vorstellungen vergleichen, die wie die erste auf unserem Erleben beruhen und somit durch unsere Art und Weise des Wahrnehmens und Begreifens gebildet wurden. Alles Wissen unterliegt dieser Bedingung, denn was immer wir auch tun, wir können aus unseren Formen des Erlebens und Denkens nicht aussteigen.des Erlebens und Denkens nicht aussteigen.)
  • Annotation:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/P9zxwcufnk  + (Wir können unsere Wahrnehmung nur durch den Vergleich mit anderen Wahrnehmungen prüfen, aber nie mit dem Objekt wie es sein könnte, bevor wir es wahrnehmen)
  • Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Wlj0k4uh7k  + (Wissen bietet keine Darstellung einer unabhängigen Welt, sondern eine Karte dessen, was in der erlebten Umgebung getan werden kann.)
  • Annotation:The Construction of Knowledge/Lmye72noaq  + (Wissen ist konstruiert)
  • Annotation:Aspects of Constructivism/Qb5o39daj8  + (Wissen ist weniger eine genaue Darstellung externer Dinge, Situationen und Ereignisse, sondern mehr eine Abbildung von Handlungen und konzeptionellen Operationen, die sich in der Erfahrung des wissenden Subjekts bewährt haben.)
  • Annotation:An Introduction to Radical Constructivism/Bgxhqrc31a  + (Wissen kann nicht das Ergebnis eines passiven Empfanges sein, sondern ist das Produkt einer aktiven Subjektivität.)
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