Annotation:Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit

This Page shows all Annotations of the Article Annotationen:Knowledge_as_Environmental_Fit.

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Annotation	AnnotationComment	LastModificationUser	LastModificationDate	Category
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/A3gehx9eom		Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 11:40:18	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Ab8fb8wrqd	From the radical constructivist perspective, “knowledge” fits reality in much the same way that a key fits a lock that it is able to open. The fit describes a capacity of the key, not a property of the lock. When we face a novel problem, we are in much the same position as the burglar who wishes to enter a house. The “key” with which he successfully opens the door might be a paper clip, a bobby pin, a credit card, or a skillfully crafted skeleton key. All that matters is that it fits within the constraints of the particular lock and allows the burglar to get in.	Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 14:25:19	TextAnnotation Beispiel3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Brsz38tooa	Knowledge, thus, is usually assumed to be knowledge of the environment.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 13:49:25	TextAnnotation Prämisse3 Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Cczrua7jsz	Pyrrho and his followers had successfully argued that if, say, an apple appears to have a certain color and a certain smell, feels smooth and tastes sweet to us, this cannot give us the knowledge that a real apple possesses these properties, because we have no way of examining the apple other than by seeing, smelling, tasting, and feeling it again.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 15:11:23	TextAnnotation Beispiel3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/E6sb79yrl9		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 13:15:49	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Ejwmc719nv		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:33:24	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Eku7n1qmir	For constructivists, then, studying the genesis of the concepts that allow us to organize our experience is not a sin but a necessity; and the way in which that genesis will be studied should undoubtedly be part of psychology, even if the psychological establishment, with the exception of Piaget and his Geneva School, has hitherto not done very much in that direction.	Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 14:16:44	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Eyxb6dpfzt	It is analogous to asking, say, what the magnification of a telescope might be if nothing that is seen through the telescope can be seen or measured in any other way.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:56:47	TextAnnotation Beispiel3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/F0mf2bs6rs	In other words, we cannot help realizing that our experience is subject to constraints that are altogether outside our control.	Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 11:40:02	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/F3mnmypox8	Hence, if our senses distort what they are supposed to “convey,” we have no way of ever discovering that distortion.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 15:11:05	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Ffnlniggh4	The radical constructivist, therefore, must not be thought to do away with “objectivity”—he merely defines it in a different way. Any concept, event, theory, or model will be considered “objective” if and only if it has proved to be viable not only in one’s own organization of the experiential world, but also in the particular area of conceptual organization that proves to be a viable model for the experiential worlds one imputes to others.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 13:18:45	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Gbzvf7r4p3		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 13:17:46	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Hi9cganhtq	But success is relative.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:23:48	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Hmjh45r7cw		Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:46:51	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/I1w826em8p	Pyrrho, a little later, formulated the argument that quickly became and still remains the cornerstone of all kinds of philosophical scepticism. How, he asked, could we ever tell whether or not the pictures our senses “convey” are accurate and true, if the only way they can be checked is again through our senses? The question is, indeed, unanswerable.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:56:12	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/J3jyk1t96t	Given this central notion of fit, the radical constructivist theory of knowledge is essentially a cybernetic theory in that it is based on the principle of adaptation to constraints rather than the principle of causation.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 11:56:48	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Jdh09uhq7q		Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 11:51:55	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Jnnmb88m6n		Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 14:17:00	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Jvbbgirs3v	That notion, in fact, is no less an ontological assumption than the realist’s assumption that the experiencer-independent ontic reality should have a knowable structure. The character of experiential reality will have to be explained, not as a result of preordained ways of experiencing (Kant’s Anschauungsformen), but as a result of the experiencer’s coordinatory and conceptual operations.	Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 11:51:45	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Ktc0nqsv6v		Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 13:49:13	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Lfb2ivc9y9		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:44:58	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Ny31x2tjef	The self, thus, is an experiential entity to which the experiencer attributes a number of specific properties, abilities, and functions.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 13:16:10	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Pwm7rstw3n		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:26:36	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Qed6j4r3no		Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:56:26	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Qgvba1vpvs	This viability is, in principle, the same notion as in the case of the lock and the key.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:40:38	TextAnnotation Beispiel3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Qrotb6l2mk		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 13:01:10	TextAnnotation Beispiel3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Sjxnqjl80z		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 11:57:02	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Surd3zzg2q		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:44:11	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/T61nx065uj		Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:44:12	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/U9eyvg69g4		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:03:08	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Umj2wwlxyn	“Knowledge” and the process of cognizing are therefore seen as inseparable. They reciprocally entail one another in the same way as drawing a “figure” entails categorizing the sheet of paper as “ground.” Knowledge, thus, becomes the product of an active, constructive mind.	Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 12:02:57	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Uy3uq0r6si		Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 15:11:40	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Uyivvznp0t		Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 15:12:00	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Vz9cv6boae	The scenario, in which the knower is supposed to acquire “true” pictures or representations of the real world, is thus inherently unsatisfactory. If the knower can never be sure that the picture of the world which he or she distills from experience is unquestionably a correct representation of a world that exists as such, the knower is cast in the role of a discoverer who has no possible access to what he or she is expected to discover.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 15:12:19	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Wlxe83d61p		Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 14:25:36	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/X3553l47nw	Similarly, the problem-solver attempts to conceive a method that will successfully open a path to his or her goal. Any method that does this will serve as well as any other, and to the extent that the problem-solver is successful, his or her know-how is functionally adapted to the constraints of unknowable ontic reality. Note that considerations as to how well a method serves its purpose are secondary in that they require reflection on what has been done as well as the introduction of ulterior values, such as speed, economy, ease of execution, compatibility with the methods used for other problems, etc.	Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 14:26:06	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/X7bfcmsiir	In other words, one takes for granted that what one has come to know had its own independent existence before one captured it by a cognizing effort. Given that perspective, it is indeed difficult to avoid asking just how well the knowledge one has acquired “corresponds to,” “depicts,” or “represents” what it is supposed to correspond to, depict, or represent, namely Reality.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:46:39	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Y8edpp9u4p	Knowledge, therefore, was knowledge of the things that caused one’s experiences, the things that were given, the data, and it could all be put together as a picture of Reality.	Sarah Oberbichler	5 September 2019 14:43:54	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Yabi7ix5fk	It is the same trick that the statistician performs quite openly: when something has recurred a sufficient number of times, it is considered “significant”—which is to say, it is considered probable enough to be taken as a “fact.” The good statistician, of course, does not forget that it was he or she who decided the level of recurrence beyond which things were to be considered “significant.” Like the good modern physicist, he does not argue that, just because the sun has risen every morning for as long as we can remember or have records, we have the right to assume that it must continue to do so in the future. With David Hume, they know that there is no conceivable logical reason why the future should resemble the past. But, for practical reasons, we tend to assume that it will. If we did not make that assumption, we could not draw any inferences at all from past experience, and our attempts at predicting and controlling future experience could not even get started.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:26:28	TextAnnotation Beispiel3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Yl52hc16ek		Sarah Oberbichler	13 September 2019 12:03:09	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Yy3ckpwl6p		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:44:47	TextAnnotation Prämisse3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Z5oo5zzrj0	First of all, it is important to realize that there are several levels of reality that differ largely in the material that is used to construct the items that are then considered “real.”	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:59:44	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Zom8a1siz5	In the cognitive realm of conceptual structures, then, the concept of viability applies to those structures which, in the cognizing organism’s past experience, have led to success.	Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:04:31	TextAnnotation Schlussfolgerung3
Annotationen:Knowledge as Environmental Fit/Zoptl909rk		Sarah Oberbichler	20 September 2019 12:33:04	TextAnnotation Prämisse3